EKONOMICKÉ NÁSTROJE V ČESKÉ ÚZEMNĚ PLÁNOVACÍ PRAXI POTENCIÁL A BARIÉRY JEJICH VYUŽITÍEconomic tools in Czech spatial planning practice: the potential of and barriers to their use, by Eliška Vejchodská, Jindřich Felcman and Veronika Šindlerová
In June 2019, a work seminar on innovative tools in spatial planning was held for specialists under the auspices of the Ministry for Regional Development. A discussion on innovative tools and usable inspiration from abroad is highly desirable in relation to current recodification of building legislation. One of the aims of the seminar was to get reliable feedback about these tools and their use in Czech building legislation. The article presents an outline of tools that were evaluated most highly and a discussion on benefits that can be generated by economic tools as well as barriers that must be overcome in order to apply these tools in Czech spatial planning practice.
The respondents said that the most promising of the tools presented was the Swiss system of flat rate levy from appreciation of land after construction or sale. Ranked second were financial agreements between municipalities and developers under transparent rules. The third position was occupied by a tool called land readjustment. On the other hand, tradeable rights seem to be the least attractive tool for the Czech specialists. Also, the Dutch tool of purchase of land by municipalities, in combination with possible expropriation for building with overhead costs carried by the municipality, are not attractive for Czech professionals.
As to potential benefits from these tools, the respondents were most interested in the possibility of financing public infrastructure. Also, they mentioned more justice, more equality of conditions and more transparency in relation to equal business settings and land annuity as windfall profit. Another type of benefit, efficient land use,was often mentioned in relation to defence against speculation with land. According to the respondents, the impossibility of parcelling out plots economically and placing buildings in the most suitable urban locations was an obstacle for a more economical arrangement of buildings and high-quality urban planning in the Czech Republic.
The response about barriers in implementation of economic tools was characterized by three main topics. One was excessive protection of ownership rights in the Czech Republic, usually accompanied by the objection that Czech legislation does not define public interest in a way applicable to private land owners. This objection was particularly strong in comparison with German tools of territorial reorganization. Second, some respondents had doubts about the professional capacity of public administration bodies to apply these tools, e.g. due to high numbers of Czech municipalities with spatial planning within their authority, most of which have a population lower than 500. The third type of objection was scepticism about pushing these tools through in legislation.
VYMEZENÍ VÝZNAMNÉHO KRAJINNÉHO PRVKU »ÚDOLNÍ NIVA« PRO POTŘEBY ÚZEMNÍHO PLÁNOVÁNÍDelimitation of a floodplain, an important landscape element, for use in spatial planning, by Petr Birklen
Floodplains have played an important role throughout the period in which our territory has been inhabited, and they still do so today, although we might be unaware of the fact. In particular, the function of floodplains gains more and more importance in relation to climate change and the need to retain enough water in our territory and, at the same time, be protected from flooding. In the Czech Republic, the protection of floodplains is anchored in the Act on Nature Protection, but in its implementation it is lagging behind. Two reasons for this are insufficient professional support and inadequate use of other tools, such as spatial planning. Delimitation of floodplains can fill this gap and provide better protection, both in individual assessment of floodplain interference and in prevention, during the stage of planning, if specific conditions are known and applied by competent authorities. This article presents the author’s opinion on the best possible process of delimitation of floodplains as important landscape elements and the options of use for this delimitation in spatial planning.
CELOSTÁTNÍ KONFERENCE O ÚZEMNÍM PLÁNOVÁNÍ A STAVEBNÍM ŘÁDU
BOSCO VERTICALE: VERTIKÁLNÍ LES VE MĚSTĚ
VODA V SÍDLE A KRAJINĚ
