AKTUÁLNÍ OTÁZKY BYTOVÉ POLITIKY VE VAZBĚ NA EU VÝSLEDKY DOTAZNÍKOVÉ AKCE O ZMĚNÁCH V OBECNÍM BYTOVÉM FONDU VE VYBRANÝCH MĚSTECH (2004, 2005)
PROMĚNY PROSTOROVÉ STRUKTURY MĚSTA OLOMOUCE S DŮRAZEM NA REZIDENČNÍ FUNKCEMetamorphoses of the Spatial Structure of Olomouc; Featuring the Residential Functions, by Pavel Ptáček, Zdeněk Szczyrba, and Miloš Fňukal
After 1989 there were profound changes in the spatial and functional structure of the settlement system of the Czech Republic. Especially cities have been transformed, demonstrating the polarization of relations within the settlement system. The aim of the following contribution is to present a general outlook of such changes, as identified formerly by various authors, and illustrate them through a case study of the city of Olomouc. Stress is put on the residential functions of the city, for they belong to the most significant manifestations of spatial transformation.
VÝVOJ A PRIESTOROVÉ ROZLOŽENIE BYTOVÉHO FONDU BRATISLAVYThe Development and Spatial Distribution of the Housing Stock of Bratislava, by Marián Halás & Eva Džupinová
The housing stock is one of the most important elements of the functional and spatial structures of cities, decisively determining the formation of intra-urban relations. This article is focused on the assessment of the development in the differentiation of Bratislava’s housing stock in the 20th century, concentrating on the intensive construction and spatial development in a few stages after 1946. Although the current situation of the housing stock in the territory of Bratislava is resulting from the complex historical development, the decisive importance for the quantity of the newly built dwellings was that of the said period, mainly 1961-1991. Also presented is a synthetic outline of the differences in the housing stock location in Bratislava’s districts, categorizing the stock according to the 2001 census results.
BYTOVÁ VÝSTAVBA V OSTRAVĚ – MINULOST A SOUČASNOSTHousing Construction in Ostrava; History and Today, by Regina Kuchtová & Jan Česelský
Third largest city of the Czech Republic, populated some 320,000, Ostrava underwent the same big changes in housing after 1989 as other towns and cities. Typically, they started with large transfers of property from the state to municipalities, followed by another transfer of the housing stock into private hands. However, privatization could not bring immediately the effects it was supposed to, such as the increase in the standards of housing and, first of all, investments in new and varied housing construction. Ostrava was no exception in this, but the starting position here was more difficult than that of comparable cities. The article describes the past and present situation of Ostrava’s housing from the viewpoint of the Housing Department of the municipality, commenting on the support to owner and rental housing, investments, preparation of development areas and other characteristics of the approach to housing.
ANALÝZA PRÁVNÍHO PROSTŘEDÍ ÚZEMNÍHO PLÁNOVÁNÍ SLEDUJÍCÍ UDRŽITELNÝ ROZVOJ A PRAKTICKÉ IMPLEMENTACE PRINCIPŮ UDRŽITELNÉHO ROZVOJE VE VYBRANÝCH SYSTÉMECH ÚZEMNÍHO PLÁNOVÁNÍ
Analysing the Legal Environment of Physical Planning in View of Sustainable Development & The Implementation of Sustainable Development Principles in Selected Physical Planning Systems, by Karel Maier, Vít Řezáč and
Jakub Vorel
The article summarizes the findings of the research aimed at how the principle of sustainable development is implemented within the actual conditions of selected European countries. All EU member countries have adopted the principle of sustainable development and they refer to it in their national planning legislations. Switzerland and France have anchored the principle of sustainability in their constitutional laws; all the surveyed countries’ governments have enacted their national strategies of sustainable development and they run institutions responsible for the implementation of this principle.
The application of the principle in planning and decision-making may be twofold: ex anthem assessment of plans and strategies with the help of the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) procedure; and/or ex post monitoring, which may use indicators of sustainability based on the comparison (benchmarking) and observation of trends in time. EU member countries use the EU Directive 2001/42/EC for the evaluation of the effects of certain plans and programmes.
Apparently, specific instruments and ways to implement sustainable development in the practice of spatial planning vary a lot. While most countries use national modifications of SEA, UK has introduced a more comprehensive system of Sustainability Assessment (SA). Many countries use indicators to assess and evaluate sustainable development: European Common Indicators (ECI) present a widely used framework to follow and evaluate sustainability at local levels. However, most of the regular and systematic collection and evaluation of indicators is done at national levels, while regional and local levels rather rely on the initiative of respective governments. It is only England where a national top-down system of requisite indicators was introduced for all regional and local planning strategies. Sweden has enacted an obligatory set of environmental requirements to be fulfilled, while a rather bottom-up approach was adopted for the indicators, requiring that communities (municipalities) define their own criteria, based on local issues.
France and England have introduced nation-wide sets of particular regulations aiming at sustainable development in specific issues of spatial planning. These regulations include requirements for the structure of housing, for the greenfields-tobrownfields ratia in the newly developed sites, and for the quantities of non-recyclable construction materials to be used.
DYNAMIKA PROMĚN BYDLENÍ – REGENERACE BYTOVÝCH DOMŮ REVITALIZACE BROWNFIELDS – POHLEDY REGIONÁLNÍ PRAXE SYSTÉMOVÝ POHLED NA PROBLÉMY ROZVOJE SOUČASNÝCH MĚST A JEJICH REFLEXE VE VÝUCE URBANISMU
